When I think of social entrepreneurship, I think of Lebron James and his Cleveland Cavaliers winning the 2016 NBA Championship. As ridiculous as it sounds, Lebron James is the embodiment of the 3P Triple Bottom Line business model. The 3Ps stand for people, planet, and profit. While Lebron is a profit-oriented marketing juggernaut, with his lifetime deal with Nike and endorsement of Beats by Dr. Dre, he famously returned to Cleveland to “end the 52-year championship drought for our fans.” In this respect, he is not the conventional entrepreneur who dedicates all of his resources to maximizing profit. Instead, Lebron’s goals and methods of approaching a game are more aligned with those of a social entrepreneur who is more conscientious about the need for a net positive return on society (in this case it would be the city of Cleveland). What I mean is Lebron James (the social entrepreneur) makes a real effort to integrate the people (Kevin Love, Kyrie Irving, J.R. Smith) and the planet (all Cavs fans) when building a business (the Cavalier brand). The Cavs are the 2016 NBA Champions Similar to the way Lebron has revitalized the sports scene in Cleveland, other social entrepreneurs have the same opportunity to reinvent their surroundings. In a world where cash is king and actions are dictated by profit margins, communities are divided along socioeconomic lines. In this sense, cities like Detroit, which are so unevenly distributed in terms of wealth and population, are in desperate need of a make-over. This is where social entrepreneurs must come in. In addition to social entrepreneurs being jump-starters of economic progress, they are also catalysts for social change. There could not be a more apparent example than Build Institute, a small business accelerator that I have worked at for two weeks now. After having close to 800 graduates come through its intensive 8-week business planning course, Build Institute has been able to bring start-ups that are in their infancy to fruition. Take Ojas Akolkar’s Tribalfare for instance, a business run by a Build grad who specializes in sourcing one of a kind handcrafted artisan made products from all across India. Just visiting her website was a cultural experience in itself. It felt like I was transported to a marketplace in India. Not only were each of her products affordable, they all told a unique story. It is through graduates like Ojas Akolkar that Build Institute is able to piece together the 3Ps by balancing the social mission of empowering people to engage in a supportive community and the personal endeavor of maintaining a viable and profitable business.
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When I first heard about the idea of “social entrepreneurship”, I couldn’t believe that something so awesome could have possibly existed. To me, social entrepreneurship is the perfect way to do it all- creatively solving existing problems, passionately nurturing one’s own ideas, committing and persevering despite all challenges, and most importantly, positively impacting the lives of others. What makes social entrepreneurship so unique is that in its fundamental definition, social entrepreneurship sees human lives saved and impacted as an essential part of a business’s value. Specifically, the implementation of the “triple bottom line” has resulted in a powerful shift in an entrepreneur’s philosophy of business development and provided structure to the social entrepreneurship model. The three pillars of the triple bottom line are people, planet, and profit. The “people” pillar refers to the positive impact an enterprise has on its own employees and the community. The “planet” pillar refers to the minimization of environmental impact by an enterprise. The last pillar, “profit”, refers to the economic value an enterprise brings to itself as well as its surrounding community. A perfect example of a social enterprise that demonstrates the “triple bottom line” is one of TechTown’s very own clients, RecoveryPark Farms. The startup has the mission of rebuilding on vacant land, creating jobs, and revitalizing the Detroit neighborhood. RecoveryPark Farms is able to achieve its mission by specifically employing veterans, disabled citizens, and ex-inmates to grow local, fresh, and organic specialty produce for Detroit restaurants. If not for RecoveryPark Farms, many of these returning citizens would not have been able to find employment, thus increasing their chances of committing more crimes. Not only is the enterprise socially responsible and helping these returning citizens get back on their feet and restore their personal dignity, but RecoveryPark Farms is also implementing innovative technology to ensure environmentally friendly farming practices. RecoveryPark Farms is just one of many TechTown clients that is dedicated to improving the lives of Detroit citizens. It is through this community mentality of doing good and giving back that makes Detroit such an extraordinary place to live in. Being an entrepreneur alone is already admirable enough. But as a social entrepreneur, you not only have answer to investors and customers, make monetary profit, but also have to consider the surrounding social communities, the environment, as well as social beneficiaries. Thus, social entrepreneurship isn’t simply something that is cool, smart, or even respectable. Social entrepreneurship is an impactful business model that is truly inspiring.
In my mind, social entrepreneurship means taking on societal problems through a model that is self-sustainable and replicable, which is an extremely powerful idea. Social entrepreneurship does not rely on outside donations to carry out its work, which means it is self-sustaining, and it is grounded in action and easily replicable, meaning that a) only the models that are effective in making change will continue to exist and b) those models of business can be scaled up and replicated elsewhere in the world. Just as only the most efficient traditional businesses thrive, social entrepreneurship companies generate and handle their own money, and they must run well and meet goals in order to continue to secure funding and/or sell their products. To me, social entrepreneurship is the best of both worlds: it’s centered around social change and values people, not just money, but social entrepreneurship companies must manage their money responsibly in order to survive, just like any other for-profit business. Though other socially-oriented organizations such as charities do tremendous work in the world, some survive without actually creating change because lots of their money comes from public solicitation. To this end, social entrepreneurship is important in the world we live in because groups that are traditionally tasked with combating social problems – for example, the government – can often operate poorly, especially in areas of the greatest need. In Detroit, the city government has failed to properly care for their citizens in recent years due to a host of issues, including poor management and a lack of funding. I don’t mean to criticize the city, but to point out that this creates opportunity by leaving ample room for others to step in and make change. Social entrepreneurship is important because it doesn’t wait around for the current systems to make change. One example of social entrepreneurship I have observed in Detroit is Human Scale Studio, which is a “strategic consultancy with methodologies ranging from future-casting, community planning, and design research…” We are working for one of their current clients, the Corktown Economic Development Corporation, mapping the Corktown neighborhood and developing a Place Plan of the area. Human Scale is a social entrepreneurship company because it is still a for-profit organization but its focus is providing consulting services to organizations that plan for the future of cities in order to make them better places to live for their residents. This model of business is exciting, and I’m looking forward to continuing my work with Human Scale Studio and the CEDC this summer! It’s hard to believe that I’ve already been in Detroit for 2 weeks. I don’t know if it feels longer or shorter than that – on the one hand, I feel like I’ve become completely integrated into Detroit’s culture and lifestyle, but on the other hand, I feel like my time here has gone by much too quickly.
Today’s blog post has us writing about what social entrepreneurship means to each one of us, and as I thought about this phrase, a phrase I heard and read about extensively during the application process for DukeEngage but that I now hear several times a day, I realized how starkly different my understanding of this phrase has become. Back in January, when I sat down with Matt and Katherine for my DukeEngage interview, I was genuinely excited about working in social entrepreneurship but admittedly had a very limited understanding of what it actually entailed. I knew that in a nutshell, social entrepreneurs are individuals who use innovation to tackle major issues in society. I also knew of examples of social entrepreneurial ventures from my research – a startup that employed homeless people to make sleeping bags for the homeless, a coffee shop that turned a struggling neighborhood into a social hub, and so on. After arriving in Detroit, my understanding of social entrepreneurship began to expand even before I officially began working at TechTown. The day before my first day at TechTown, the cohort and I attended a mixer in Junction 440 with many members of the Detroit startup community, and it was at that event that I first met several ambitious, compassionate social entrepreneurs with innovative ideas to tackle a variety of social issues facing Detroit. In the days and weeks to come, especially at TechTown and in the wonderfully open environment that is Junction 440, I met more and more social entrepreneurs. We spoke about their ideas and projects and struggles, and when I now think of “social entrepreneurship,” I think of specific people and their stories. Social entrepreneurship will always be one of those buzzphrases thrown around, but until you meet social entrepreneurs and hear their stories, you won’t fully understand the complex nature of their work. One of my projects involves doing market research for the client CityInsight, a startup that provides household residents with an application that displays and monitors their water usage in order to help them to pay their water bills. Through our first team meeting on Thursday and my research on the necessity of transparency in water payment plans, I’ve learned that CityInsight isn’t just simply a startup that has a goal to help society – it’s a startup that deals with real people’s physical and financial well-being, that likely won’t see positive revenue for at least 3-4 years, that is forced to think long-term in order to attract investment when it has yet to generate any short-term cash flow. Like CityInsight, other social entrepreneurs must not only think critically about how to solve social issues, but must face massive obstacles and often limited resources. As a result, when I think of social entrepreneurship today, I don’t just think about startups looking to solve a problem – I think about people who, despite all odds, persevere in their dream of a better future. French economist Jean-Baptiste Say, who in the early 19th century described the social entrepreneur as one who “shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and greater yield.”
Say pointed out part of the story, but not the whole story. Social entrepreneurs do help society reach higher productivity levels by filling the holes left by governments. There are so many social problems exist in the society such as income gap, poor living conditions, unemployment, etc. People cannot rely on governments and big companies to address all those problems. Then here comes the bunch of excellent social entrepreneurs. They find out problems around them or in the society, and they try to use their wisdoms and resources to solve them. Besides higher productivity, social entrepreneurship also creates a new model by combing social mission and business ventures. In the past decades, people would like to associate social sectors with inefficient, ineffective and unresponsive. Because of the framed stereotype, people want to make profit avoided “solving social problems”. Social entrepreneurship sets a successful model for all businessmen and women to show that companies can organically use business venture to solve social problems. Lily Liu, cofounder of Public Staff, created the Public Staff App to help residences request from local governments; Andrew Mangino, founder of the Future Projected, designed the program help underserved kids to dream big and create their own “future projects”; Joe Gebbia and Brian Chesky, founders of Aribnb, came up with the largest worldwide platform for travelers to share rooms. Those companies address social problems that governments are difficult to approach. They start from bottoms and grow to big. A lot of them already got millions of investments, and they use money to expand to have more impact to the society. Making money becomes the second priority ,making difference is their main mission. The reason why we really need social entrepreneurship in our life is that it emphasizes the “doing well by doing good” to attract more brilliant people to join this process to move our society forward; It also reforms the pattern of living. People would choose live with Aribnb instead of living in hotels; people would buy ecofriendly products and learn how to save resources; more importantly, this terminology becomes the life styles youths chase and celebrate. Most of social entrepreneurs are under 35 years old. They lead their whole generation to take more social responsibility and to influence more peer to join in. During this summer, I work with Detroit Food Academy which is full of young Detroit social entrepreneurs. It aims to offer afterschool and summer programs for young Detroiters who are interested in food industry to gain experience in cooking, food preparation, startup and leadership trainings. DFA tries to solve youth unemployment in Detroit area by teaching students start their own business or work in food related industry. Youth unemployment in Michigan is up to 59% which is highest among states, and it leads to youth crimes, young homeless and more problems. In order to save these students from dropping schools and becoming one of the unemployment. Detroit Food Academy takes the responsibility to summon students after school or in summer time to give them exposure to entrepreneurship, independence, capacity and so on. Now, DFA has been created hundreds of jobs for youths who did not have any plans for futures. DFA also launched its own products Mitten Bites last year and started gaining revenue. Mitten Bites is youth drive, youth lead and youth owned, so DFA hires students in programs and let them lead the company. In the process, students gain experience in business management, food production, nutrition, and even marketing skills. Gladly, Mitten Bites is now beginning earning revenue and all the money will go back to expand the business and hire more students. Social entrepreneurship does not equal 0 profit. Companies make profit along the way they solve social problems. The term “social entrepreneurship” is over-mentioned in social media and in our lives, some people misunderstand or misuse it a lot, therefore making the term sound vague and tricky. In fact, social entrepreneurship is the term to represent my generation. We are more than finding a job. We are moving the society forward by participating in social entrepreneurship. Microfinance is a key model that comes to mind when I think of the uprising of social entrepreneurship. Muhammad Yunus is the father of microfinance, transforming access to capital around the world for entrepreneurs and small business owners through Grameen Bank and countless other initiatives that support economic and social development. I have been strongly dedicated to the field of microfinance for almost 7 years, making loans to 290 entrepreneurs thus far through the microlending platform Kiva and volunteering at nonprofits like the Haitian-American Caucus and Accion East, Inc. Through witnessing and studying the effects of microfinance in domestic and international settings, I am inspired by the powerful and sustainable impact it makes possible. I see social entrepreneurship as a way to reach social and economic development goals in a financially sustainable way. Social entrepreneurship capitalizes on human potential. It recognizes people’s capabilities and seeks to support endeavors that have been deterred by social, financial, and political institutions. Professor Yunus has said, “I’m encouraging young people to become social business entrepreneurs and contribute to the world, rather than just making money. Making money is no fun. Contributing to and changing the world is a lot more fun.” I believe the appeal of social entrepreneurship is growing among young people, as they are inspired by the ability to make an impact through less traditional business models. Rather than offering charity, whether through money or time, social entrepreneurs introduce sustainability and initiative to solve pressing community issues. Yunus responds to the notion of charity as a way to “shrug off our responsibility. Charity allow us to go ahead with our own lives without worrying about the lives of the poor. Charity appeases our consciences.” A large aspect of the DukeEngage Detroit program continues to be innovation that is enduring and scalable. Social entrepreneurship is an essential factor of the rebuilding of Detroit. The most central and relevant example for me is Build Institute, where I am fortunate to be interning for 8 weeks. Build offers an 8-week comprehensive business planning class for entrepreneurs. The course is affordable, with prices on a sliding scale based on annual income and family size. Every dollar of revenue is returned to support those classes and an abundance of other free networking events, connections to invaluable resources, and a community of over 700 alumni. Similar to microfinance, this business training model focuses on sustainability for entrepreneurs and overall community development. It is an empowering organization that offers the perfect jumpstart for business ideas to prosper. The five staff are exemplary social entrepreneurs, each contributing to Detroit’s revival in an innovative and impactful way. As a life-long Michigander, I always thought that I was up-to-date with Detroit news, whether it was the Motor City declaring for bankruptcy back in 2013 or it topping America's Most Dangerous Cities List in 2014. What I should have come to realize much sooner and what many before me have uncovered is the deeply-rooted culture of Detroit that has spawned an influx and cultivation of bright, diverse, and talented minds. This culture and history I am referring to is perfectly captured by the abandoned Michigan Central Train Station, a building I pass by everyday on my way to work. In its heyday, it stood as the tallest rail station in the world; only now, it is surrounded by barbed wire and "No Trespassing" signs. However, before you get too depressed, it should be strongly noted that a few months ago, all of the building's once shattered windows have now been replaced. This building doesn't just speak volumes to me about Detroit's prickly, misunderstood, and dare I say barbed wire-like, exterior. More importantly, I see the newly refurbished windows as the up-and-coming future and spirit of the Motor City. Michigan Central Train Station not refurbished (left); refurbished (right) Before I get too deep and philosophical, I wanted to delve into the amazing enrichment activities outside of work and the many already-rewarding on-the-job experiences at Build Institute, a small business accelerator for rising entrepreneurs. On our scavenger hunt in Downtown Detroit, in the moment, it felt like senseless scrambling to figure out random facts like "What is name of the circular arch sculpture near Hart Plaza." But as I am writing this blog post, I've come to realize that each site tells an essential snippet of the Detroit saga. Take the arch sculpture entitled Transcending for example: at first glance, it appeared to be a giant steel ring that had been snapped at its apex. Upon closer inspection, more reflection, and a quick Wikipedia search, I discovered that this sculpture depicted an elegant gear rising from the ground, symbolizing the efforts of the American labor movement. Now, when I look up at Transcending, I don't see two slabs of metal pieced awkwardly together; instead, I see the workers of the automotive industry that have been such a central component of Detroit. These landmarks that our scavenger hunt led us to now seem like giant puzzle pieces that give us a glimpse into the giant mural that is Detroit. The sculpture Transcending On a work-related note, my partner Keiley and I have started working with Build Institute on an economic impact study, focusing on how Build Institute fits into the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Detroit. In addition to this great opportunity to explore a more data-driven side of entrepreneurship, I have been able to meet so many talented and diverse Detroiters, including and especially our project leaders April Boyle and Christianne Sims who have been wonderful mentors. Attending the Build Bazaar event, a rotating pop-up marketplace where entrepreneurs get to test their new products, at the Detroit Opera House was such an eye-opening experience. Being able to see entrepreneurs start with an idea and fully develop them into products ranging from jewelry to water-colored paintings to handbags through Build Institute has been truly remarkable. Keiley and I at Build Bazaar At the Downtown Detroit Partnership Stakeholder Meeting today, I had the privilege of asking Mike Duggan, the mayor of Detroit, about what efforts could be made to incorporate more local college students into the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Detroit. As star-struck as I was about actually having the opportunity to ask Mayor Duggan a question, his answer of breaking down physical barriers such as the gates that separate the University of Detroit Mercy and Detroit itself only partially quenched my thirst for a comprehensive answer. So the question still remains... how can I make an impact? [TO BE CONTINUED]
Bieber says it best: “My life is a movie and everyone's watching / So let's get to the good part and past all the nonsense." ("I'll Show You” - Justin Bieber) Not sure how acceptable it is to compare Justin Bieber to one of America’s most historical industrial cities, but I feel that the quote above resembles the thoughts of everyday Detroiters on the state of their city. With accusations such as "America’s Worst Transit System” and "…Detroit’s Bankruptcy…” still gracing national headlines, it’s easy to get caught up pointing fingers at Detroit. Thus it’s understandable why the “us versus the world” mentality is so prevalent among Detroit locals. The economic crisis of 2008 paired with the gradual slowdown of production in the rust belt and the drain of mental power (as more young professionals moved out of the city) has left Detroit in a rough state to say the least. And the world pointing fingers is definitely not helping. Serendipity leads to discoveries you didn’t know were worth making in the first place. ElDorado was such an experience. Walking into the general vintage stop, we were surrounded by exotic-looking trinkets from around the world and eye-catching fashions (basically everything from sequenced dresses from Europe to 1970s Texan bomber jackets). Out of curiosity, Joe and I struck up a conversation with the cashier, Willa, a local student and member of a band called Willa Rae and the Minor Arcana —a self-proclaimed “burgeoning electric local gem.” Although short and sweet, for me, our conversation with Willa came to symbolize the general vibe of Detroit culture. As she raved about the owners of the quaint shop, I couldn’t help but notice her willingness to share as much as she could and her curiosity about our somewhat foreign experiences of the Motor City. We talked about the benefits and drawbacks of experiencing the city on foot and what were the best places to explore. We connected on our interest in the music and arts scene and received enthusiastic recommendations for upcoming festivals, local venues, and the burgeoning food scene In the end, what made the conversation so memorable was Willa’s willingness to talk and really get to know us (as much as you can in a five minute conversation). Personally, coming from a city where locals aren’t really known for their general hospitality or willingness to hold conversations with strangers (Orlando), I find mingling with locals from Detroit to be refreshing. Midwestern hospitality is real you guys. In all honesty, I’ve gotten to learn so much about Detroit within the first week that I can’t wait to explore more. Not only has this week challenged the way I think about exploring new cities, but it has also made me question whether I’ve been traveling “the right way” in the past. Have I really taken full advantage of trips with family and friends? Have I really taken out the time to speak with locals and experience areas on a raw level? Seeing how my perspective on exploration and travel has changed so drastically within such a short period of time, I’d say the answer is (sadly) no. To be completely transparent, sometimes I even find myself doubting how well I know my hometown of Orlando. Not to get too deep or anything, but seeing how just a week in Detroit has made me reevaluate how I approach getting to know an area, I’m excited to see what the rest of my Duke Engage experience has in store.
Two years ago, while visiting the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, I decided on a whim that I wanted to explore the city of Detroit. At that time, I was oblivious to the automobile-dependent economy, the rapidly dropping city population, and the devastating bankruptcy. All I knew was that Detroit was a popular US city, one that might serve well for a fun day-long city trip. The next day, as my younger, innocuous self walked the streets, I saw Detroit for how the media portrayed it: crime-ridden, abandoned, broken. I was horrified. The streets were empty, the city lights were broken, and the buildings were neglected. I thought to myself, what kind of depressing place did I pick for a day-long vacation? However, it was because of how negatively Detroit was portrayed that I felt such a strong need to help rebuild the city two years later. I told Matt and Katherine during my DukeEngage interview that I felt like I had a personal obligation to assist in redeveloping the city after my shocking experience two years ago. Although my view of Detroit has dramatically changed over the course of the last few days, my personal mission still remains the same: to help rebuild Detroit. To be honest, when I first arrived in Detroit last week, the city looked similar to my memories from two years ago: run-down and abandoned. It was not until we participated in the Downtown scavenger hunt and met the people of Detroit at TechTown that I realized that there is so much more to the Motor City than what initially meets the eye. After all, the city’s motto “Speramus meliora; resurget cineribus” in English “Rising From the Ashes”, isn’t given for no reason. Before leaving on the scavenger hunt, the tour guide mentioned that the people of Detroit are “doers.” And it is this resilient, innovative, “doer” mentality that is rebuilding the city from ground up. This “doer” mentality especially holds true in TechTown, the incubator and accelerator I have been assigned to work at for the duration of my time in Detroit. Before participating in DukeEngage Detroit, I knew that I was already interested in entrepreneurship, and I felt that working at TechTown would serve as a good way to gain more exposure to the field. However, what I did not know was that unlike the money-crazed entrepreneurial spirit that has made where I’m from, Silicon Valley, so famous, entrepreneurship in Detroit has an additional social justice and economic impact component. Just from speaking to a handful of TechTown’s many clients, it is clear that when Detroit entrepreneurs see problems in the community, from finding a way to develop a water usage monitoring mobile application to employing returning citizens from prison, they have a need to solve these pressing problems. TechTown doesn’t just take on clients that it believes will become huge financial successes, but specifically chooses those that will contribute to the economic redevelopment of the Detroit. This dedication to giving back to the community isn’t just seen in the goals of TechTown itself, but is also clearly visible in the passionate, kind-hearted TechTown employees, as well as the city's bright social entrepreneurs. I am extremely proud to say that I am also now part of this mission to rebuild Detroit. Although I may not have enough time in Detroit to see the fruition of my efforts, I am confident that with the collective efforts of my newfound TechTown friends and the greater Detroit community in reaching this common goal, Detroit will undoubtedly rise from the ashes.
As the majority of the global population recently became residents of cities for the first time in history, the importance of the design and layout of our cities became greater than ever before. For residents to be safe, streets to be clean, and the general operation of a city to run as smoothly and efficiently as possible, planners try to keep populations dense while accounting for future growth and ensuring the well-being and safety of residents. During my first week at the Corktown Economic Development Corporation, I have come to see that Detroit wasn't designed around people; it was designed around money, and more specifically, cars.
While the country generally attributes the downturn of the city to the auto companies themselves, Detroit's decline involved something deeper. In a city designed around cars and the huge profits that came with their large-scale production, infrastructural failures began to arise as this model became outdated. Structural issues within the population of the city, and not just its design, were an integral part of the decline, but it is undeniable that a lack (or possible disregard) of foresight in the creation of the city's built environment contributed to its decline when production alone wasn't enough to prop it up. Over the course of the past half-century, these weaknesses have grown stronger and stronger and threatened to tear the city apart. But in Detroit, there is a unique opportunity to turn weakness into strength. The city spans a huge area, over 140 square miles, and large amounts of this are vacant buildings and empty lots, and some neighborhoods that used to be fully occupied now only have a few remaining residents at the end of the block. It can certainly be hard to imagine how these holes in the city -- both in its social fabric and literally in its property layout -- could hold the possibility of anything positive. But while some cities are fully saturated, both in people and ideas, in Detroit there is room to grow. Empty lots create the opportunity for urban farming. Wide streets, once full of cars streaming into the Motor City, allow room for sidewalk extensions, bike lanes, and more complete streets. The complexes of GM, Ford, and Chrysler could play home to the self-driving and electric vehicle revolutions of the coming decades. During our time exploring the city, I was surprised to see differences between its different areas. Downtown, largely thanks to the development efforts of Dan Gilbert and Quicken Loans, is bustling. Moving out into some of the neighborhoods, things can change quickly. These are the areas featured in pictures of Detroit's "ruins," warehouses and homes crumbling where they stand. It may seem like residents of these areas are eager to get out and either move downtown or leave the area altogether, but at a community barbecue in Corktown I was happy to see the immense pride that they have for their neighborhoods. To say that you are from Detroit doesn't necessitate connection with decay, or with the shiny buildings of GM or Quicken. It is a large city, and each one of its residents have their own place within it. In my time this summer, I hope to work with the CEDC to help transform Corktown's public spaces so that they attract citizens, and not just tolerate them. Increasing walkability and social + retail activity in these spaces is only a start. Considering the immense history of the district, Corktown embodies the hard-working spirit of the rest of the city and has the capacity not only to strengthen itself but also to serve as a model for what a 21st century street can look like. Detroit has certainly been down, but if the movement to rethink how we live and interact with our cities and implement human-oriented design can happen in Detroit, it can happen anywhere. |
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